Cultural Factors Influencing Prostate Cancer Screening Uptake in Urban Ogun State, Nigeria: A Review of Evidence

Abstract

This review examined how cultural influences shape prostate cancer screening uptake among men in urban Ogun State, Nigeria, where screening rates remain low despite increasing disease burden and service availability. A scoping review of literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar, with additional relevant seminal studies considered. Eight eligible studies were synthesised thematically to identify recurring patterns in beliefs, attitudes, and practices affecting screening behaviour. The evidence showed that cultural misconceptions often framed prostate cancer as spiritual or incurable, discouraging early detection; masculinity norms portrayed screening as a sign of vulnerability; and reliance on traditional medicine frequently replaced biomedical screening. Cultural influences also intensified structural barriers such as cost, distance, and stigma, though culturally sensitive education and community engagement were noted to improve acceptance. Overall, screening uptake is shaped by interconnected cultural and structural factors. Improving early detection requires culturally responsive interventions that promote awareness, engage community and religious leaders, and strengthen accessible, community-based screening services.